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Aromatherapy - ethereal oils

Aromatherapy - ethereal oils

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Origin
The aromatherapy is a new discovered, ancient branch of nature healing because more than 4000 years old scrolls of a Chinese rice paper already expel instructions for the production and application of aromatic essences. But not only from China also from other old cultures documents but also other equipment has remained which faultlessly points to the application of the aromatherapy. But first at the end of the thirties of the 20th century the concept "aromatherapy" was coined by the French chemist René Maurice Gattefossé which investigated the chemistry of the scents intensively and cooperated very closely with doctors.

Dr. Gattefosse: "The whole world of nature is filled with smells". People, animals, plants, yes even some rocks dispenses a smell. We people have even a mind, to distinguish good of bad smells. We like the former, the latter ones repel us or even disgust us. Does this not like to be because the former can be beneficial for us, the other unpleasant, however, harmfully?"

Production

Steam distillation
It is the most common manufacturing method. Crushed plant material is put on a grill in the distilling flask. Steam is supplied now from below which removes the ethereal oil and takes with itself. In the following condenser a water-cooled pipe the steam containing essence is caught and escorted into a collecting basin which contains water. The received ethereal oil is as a rule lighter than water and swims to the surface. It must be only skimmed off or separated in a Venetian bottle.

Enfleurage
It s a method is to win very fine and heavily insulatable blossom oils which cannot produced by steam distillation. Here the sensitive and picked freshly blossoms are put one by one on butter or pig fat besides each other which was served on a glass top. One puts a second glass top coated with grease on both sides on it. More flowers were put on it and covered with the next plate. Altogether five to ten of such layers come about each other. The flowers are partly changed daily in which this process often drags on over several weeks until the grease is saturated with the ethereal oil of the flowers. With the help of alcohol this is extracted from the grease now. One removes the alcohol by vaporizing again. This method is extremely effortful and is applied today only at very valuable blossoms such as jasmine- or rose blossoms. The essences produced in this way are appropriately expensive.

Cold pressing
Ethereal oils from fruit peels, such as oranges, tangerines, lemons and grapefruit oil are produced by cold pressing. At this method no heat may be taken to help because by that important components of the essence would be destroyed. Unfortunately, also perhaps existing pesticide delays reach the essence at the pressing. For this reason it is advisable to use only products from controlled biological cultivation at citrus oils.

Extraction by chemical solvents
The extraction by chemical solvents which has replaced meanwhile the Enfleurage is fundamentally simpler and cheaper. The plant constituents are moved and warmed with the solvent. If the ethereal oil is loosed completely, the solvent becomes distilled up under vacuum. Like at the Enfleurage one gets at first a mass like an ointment, called Concrete. By separation of the plant waxes by using alcohol one finally gets the Absolue. This method is not quite unproblematically, because the used solvents are highly-poisonous substances such like Hexane, Petroläther or Tetrachlormethane which unfortunately cannot be removed completely. Oils produced this way may be taken inwardly under no circumstances because even low traces of solvent residues can cause allergies and weaken the immune system. But not all Absolues are produced with the help of such toxic substances. Alcohol also can often be used as solvent.

Effect
Flavour substances are breathed in both over nose and mouth and their molecules penetrate over muscous membranes and the skin into the body and develop there their effect. Also the strict sience know the positive effect of the aromatherapy. There exist numerous scientifically occupied effects. The molecules of the scents could be proved in the blood. Ethereal oils or rather the aromatherapy have antiseptic and germicidal qualities, as well as antitoxidant and antiviral qualities and a powerful vitalising effect, undeniable cure strength and far-reaching therapeutical possibilities.

Fields of application

  • Baths

  • Unction

  • Inhalation

  • Massages

  • Room smellings

  • Teas

  • Compresses

  • Receipts (in a strong thinning)


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